Cross's HTML Tutorial Lesson 2

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

A

   <A> element is used to define an anchor; either to place an anchor in a document, or to define a hyperlink, or both.

Anchor:         <A name="anchorname"> text or location on the text </A>
Hyperlink:      <A href="http://www.domain.com"> text or <IMG…> hyperlink image </A>
Both:            <A name="anchorname" href="http://www.domain.com"> Text or <IMG…> hyperlink image </A>

   <ABBR> element is used to indicate that a given sequence of character is an abbreviation (km for kilometers, W.W.W. for World Wide Web). This is useful for spell checking and speech synthesizers.
</...>Closing tag required

   <ACCESS></ACCESS>

   <ACRONYM> element is used to indicate that a given sequence of characters is an acronym (abbreviation pronounced as a single word). Ex.: UNO, for United Nations Organization). That can be useful for spell checking and speech synthesizers.
</...>Closing tag required

   <ADDRESS> is used to supply information on the author’s name. Also, further information on the author (postal address, P.O. Box, etc.) can also be included.
</...>Closing tag required

   <ANCHOR></ANCHOR>

   The <APPLET> element allows inserting JAVA applet in an HTML document. However, it is necessary that the Web browser be JAVA compatible.
</...>Closing tag required

   <AREA> is used to define the hotspots (geometrical shapes) of an image map and their related hyperlinks.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

B

<B> element applies bold style to text.
</...>Closing tag required

<BASE> element allows the author of an HTML document to indicate the following:

A basic URL is used to resolve relative addresses inserted in the HTML document when it is consulted out of context. This can help to solve problems of faulty transmissions over the Internet.
A frame with an default destination, used to display any documents that are opened by activating links in the document.

The <BASE> element must be placed in the header section of the document.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

The <BASEFONT> element defines the default size of characters in an HTML document which allows indicating the font and color. The element can be inserted in the body or header section of the document.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

The <BDO> element is used to disable the bidirectional algorithm for selected fragments of text (Bidirectional Override).
</...>Closing tag required

The <BGSOUND> element is used to execute audio display (sound) when a document is opened. File formats that can be used are: .au, .wav and .midi.
</...>Closing tag optional

The <BIG> element increased the width and size of fonts in the screen.
</..>Closing tag required

The <BLINK> element is used simply to make text blink.
</...>Closing tag required

   <BLOCKQUOTE> element is used to enclose a quoted text. It is recommended for use with long quotations and the <Q> element for short quotations.

   By default, this element applies indenting to the right and left of the quoted text. You can also format the display using styles.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <BODY> element defines the HTML document body, that is the actual content (text, images, sound, multimedia objects, etc.). It must be placed immediately after the document header.
</...>Closing tag optional

   The <BR> element inserts a line break at the location it is placed on a line.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   The <BUTTON> element defines a button capable of executing an action specified by its attributes. Moreover, this kind of button can display an image, which produces interesting graphics. This element can be used inside a form, or outside a for in the body of the document itself.
</...>Closing tag required

C

   The <CAPTION> element inserts a title that describes the table. It must be inserted immediately after the opening tag of the <TABLE> element. A table can only have one <CAPTION> element.
</...>Closing tag required

   <CARD></CARD>

   The <CENTER> element is used to center the part of the document which it frames.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <CITE> element is used to indicate that the text contained in the tags is a citation or reference of another source. By default the text is formatted in tallies. Formatting can be controlled using styles.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <CODE> element indicates that the content enclosed in the tag is programming code (computer).
</...>Closing tag required

   The <COL> element is used to group attribute values for a group of columns in a table. Please note that this tag does not create columns which is a function of the <COLGROUP> element.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   <COLGROUP> element is used to create a group of columns in a table.
</...>Closing tag optional

   <COMMENT> element is used to insert comments which will not be interpreted or displayed by Web browsers.
</...>Closing tag required

D

   The <DD> element (Definition Description) displays a definition description in a definition list. The DD tag must be used within a DL tag and usually follows immediately after a DT tag that indicates the term being defined (Definition Term).
</...>Closing tag required Example:
<DL> <DT>HTML<DD>HyperText Markup Language <DT>URL<DD>Uniform Resource Locator <DT>CSS<DD>Cascading Style Sheets </DL>

   Somewhat like word processor that can track changes in text, the <DEL> element is used to indicate that certain fragments of text should be deleted after the last revision to the document. This element could be useful for legal documents.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <DFN> element is used to indicate that this is the defining instance of the enclosed term.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <DIR> element is intended to display a list of items which is identical to the UL (unordered list) tag. It was deprecated in W3C HTML 4, and instead the use of the <UL> tag is recommended.
</...>Closing tag required
Note: Web browsers correctly interpret the <DIR> element.

Example:

Code
<DIR>
<LI>Item 1
<LI>Item 2
<LI>Item 3
</DIR>
<UL>
<LI>Item 1
<LI>Item 2
<LI>Item 3
</UL>
Result

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

Item 1
Item 2
Item 3

   This element allows grouping several elements of a document in order to control the structure more efficiently. For example, you can include several paragraphs and tables in an area defined by the <DIV> tag of the element to apply format or identification parameters to the whole group (useful for creating databases).
</...>Closing tag required

   The <DL> (Definition List) element indicates the beginning of a definition list containing terms. It precedes all the terms defined and their definitions.
</...>Closing tag required

Example:

<DL>
<DT>HTML<DD> HyperText Markup Language
<DT>URL<DD> Uniform Resource Locator
<DT>CSS<DD> Cascading Style Sheets
</DL>

   <DO></DO>

   The <DT> (Definition Term) element introduces a term to be defined. In a list of definition terms, there are as many <DT> elements as there are terms to be defined. Keep in mind that a list begins with the <DL> element.
</...>Closing tag optional

E

The <EM> emphasizes the text enclosed. By default, enclosed text is displayed in italics. However, formatting can be controlled using styles.
</...Closing tags required

The <EMBED> element is used to include objects before they are executed and displays output from a file that is executed by a plugin.
</...>Closing tag optional

F

   The <FIELDSET> element is used to group thematically related controls and levels. It helps to manage forms that have several controls and options.
</...Closing tags required

   The <FONT> element applies formatting parameters to text. It allows specifying font size, font face and color.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <FORM> element defines the form area and the actions that can be executed within the form. All components of a form are enclosed in the opening and closing tags of the <FORM> element.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <FRAME> element is used to define parameters that are part of a set of frames (<FRAMESET>).
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   The <FRAMESET> element defines the general parameters of a set of frames. The frames themselves are defined with the use of the <FRAME> element.
</...>Closing tag required

G

<GO></GO>

<GROUP></GROUP>

H

   Six heading levels can be defined in an HTML document, the first level being <H1> and the last level <H6>. Each of these elements have default formatting values and each heading is treated as a paragraph. Formatting can be controlled using styles.
</...>Closing tag required
<H1>
<H2>
<H3>
<H4>
<H5>
<H6>

   The <HEAD> element defines the document header. It is used to indicate information about the document such as the title, keywords, document description (used by search robots), or any other information that it is not part of the document content.

Information inserted in the header is not displayed by the Web browser except for the title, defined by the <TITLE> element, which appears in the browser window title bar.
</...>Closing tag optional

   The <HR> inserts an horizontal line in the document. This kind of line is used to separate different types of information.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   The <HTML> element indicates that the document is an HTML document. The whole content of the document must be inserted between the two HTML tags, except for the initial declaration, the < !DOCTYPE> element, which indicates the HTML language version being used.
</...>Closing tag optional

The <HTMLAREA> element creates a multiline text area allowing the input of information in a form. This is similar to the TEXTAREA element. HTMLAREA’s main characteristic is that it was designed for the input of text in HTML format.
</...>Closing tag optional

I

The <I> element formats text in italics.
</...>Closing tag required

The <IFRAME> element is used to insert a frame within a block of text. It also allows inserting an HTML document in the middle of another.
</...>Closing tag required

The <ILAYER> element is used to define layers of contents that are independent from the normal body (<BODY>). Contrary to <LAYER> element that defines a an absolute position, <ILAYER> allows you to position the content relative to its natural (inline) position.
</...>Closing tage required

   The <IMG> element contains the necessary information for displaying an image in the position where it is found in the document.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   The <INPUT> element is used to insert a control in a form. There are several types of controls and these must be specified with the use of the type attribute.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   The <INS> element, contrary to <DEL>, is used to indicate that certain fragments of text should be inserted after the last revision to the document. This element could be useful for legal documents.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <ISINDEX> element inserts a text entry field in which the user can type a string. This can be useful when used with a script that switches on internal searching. Its prompt attribute specifies a prompt string for the input field.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

J

K

The <kbd> element indicates that the user should input text. It can be useful when a procedure that must be executed is described in an HTML document and the user must distinguish the text he is expected to input from the description of the procedure itself. A fixed font is used to facilitate the distinction.
</...Closing tag required

The <KEYGEN> element is used in forms to facilitate the generation of keys that are necessary in secure sites that use verification certificates systems.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

L

The <LABEL> element is used to associate information with a control (for example, a control in a form).
</...>Closing tag required

The <LAYER> element is used to define layers of contents that are independent from the normal body (<BODY>) of the document. As opposed to the element that defines a relative (inline) position, <LAYER> indicates an absolute position in the document.
</...Closing tag required

   The <LEGEND> element allows inserting a legend (visible text) in the <FIELDSET> element.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <LI> element is used to insert each item of a list (<OL>, <UL>, <DIR>, <MENU>).
</...>Closing tag optional
Example:

<OL> <LI>Item 1
<LI>Item 2
<LI>Item 3
</OL>

   The <LINK> element establishes a link with an external file (style sheet, other HTML documents, etc.) It must be inserted in the document header (<HEAD>) and can be used as many times as necessary.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

The <LISTING> element displays the target text using a fixed-width font.
</...>Closing tag required

M

The <MAP> element contains information related to hotspots of an image map (client-side). It can be associated with one or several other elements using the image’s usemap attribute.
</...>Closing tag required

The <MARQUEE> element is used create an area where text scrolls automatically in the direction defined by its attributes.
</...>Closing tag optional

The <MENU> element displays a list of simple terms, and is identical to the UL (unordered list) element.
</...>Closing tag required Example:

Code
<MENU>
<LI>Item 1
<LI>Item 2
<LI>Item 3
</MENU>

The <META> element is used to define a document’s properties and is part of the header (<HEAD>). Properties defined by the <META> element are useful for search robots as well as for Web browsers.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

The <MULTICOL> element establishes an area of the document as having multiple, equal-width columns without the need of a table.
</...>Closing tag required

N

   <nextid>

   The <NOBR> element disables automatic line breaks in the enclosed text.
</...>Closing tag optional

   The <NOEMBED> element is used to insert a text directed to visitors using Web browsers that cannot display the contents specified by the <EMBED> element.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <NOFRAME> element specifies the content that should be displayed when the browser does not support frames.
</...>Closing tag required

The <NOLAYER> element specifies the content that should be displayed when the browser is not capable of interpreting the <LAYER> element.
</...>Closing tag required

<NOOP></NOOP>

The <NOSCRIPT> element is used as an alternative when scripts found on a document cannot be executed by the Web browser.
</...>Closing tag required
This situation could be due to the following:

The Web browser is configured to ignore scripts;
The Web browser does not support the script language indicated in the <SCRIPT> element.

O

The <OBJECT> element is used to insert the necessary information for displaying and executing different types of objects in an HTML document. «Object» is understood to mean any component that is not part of the HTML document itself and requires the execution of external programs or special internal functions that are part of the Web browser.
</...>Closing tag required

The <OL> element indicates the beginning of an ordered (numbered) list where each item is introduced by the <LI> element.
</...>Closing tag required
Example:

Code
<OL>
<LI>Item 1
<LI>Item 2
<LI>Item 3
</OL>
Result

Item 1
Item 2
Item 3

   <ONEVENT></ONEVENT>

   The <OPTGROUP> element is used to logically group choices presented in a form.
</...>Closing tag required
Example:

<FORM action="http://www.domain.com/prog/prog" method= "post">
<SELECT name="CrossNet">
   <OPTGROUP label="CrossNet">
   <OPTION label="3.0" value="_0">CrossNet
   <OPTION label="3.1" value="_1">Cross Domain
   <OPTION label="3.2" value="_2">LM3K.com
  </OPTGROUP>
  <OPTGROUP label="Cross.Net">
   <OPTION label="1.0" value="1_0">Skatz Domain
   <OPTION label="1.23" value="_1.23">Cross Net
  </OPTGROUP>
  </SELECT>
</FORM>

   The <OPTION> element allows defining each choice of a menu in a form.
</...>Closing tag optional

P

   The <P> element defines a paragraph in an HTML document.
</...>Closing tag optional

   The <PARAM> element supplies the value required by the(<APPLET>, <OBJECT>) object during its execution.
</...>Closing tag forbidden

   The <PLAINTEXT> element applies a fixed-width font from its opening tag and right to the end of document.

   Please note that Netscape Navigator does not interpret the </PLAINTEXT> closing tag.
</...>Closing tag optional

   <POSTFIELD></POSTFIELD>

   The <PRE> element is used to indicate to Web browsers that the enclosed text is pre-formatted, and therefore, the browser should:
</...>Closing tag required

Keep white space intact
Using a fixed-width font
Disable automatic line breaks
Respect bidirectional instructions

In other words, text should be displayed as it was originally entered, exactly as a text editor would display it.

<PREV></PREV>

Q

The element <Q> is used to indicate that the enclosed get text is a quotation. This element is recommended for use with inline quotations, that is, quotations that do not contain paragraph breaks.
</...>Closing tag required

R

<REFRESH></REFRESH>

<RT>

The <RUBY> element is used to insert an annotation or a note concerning the pronunciation of an element in the text. By default, this annotation is placed under the element of the related text, but its positioning can be changed using styles.
The annotation text must be indicated in the <RT> element.
</...>Closing tag required

S

   The <S> element displays the enclosed text with an horizontal line over it (strikethrough). It is equivalent to the <STRIKE> element.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <SAMP> element indicates that the enclosed text is an example coming from a program, script, etc.
</...>Closing tag required

   <schema></schema>

   The <SCRIPT> element inserts a script in an HTML document. It can be inserted in a document as many times as necessary. The script code can be written inside the element or in an external file, in which case it is necessary to add the attribute src to indicate the URL file.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <SELECT> element is used in forms to create a list of options from which the user can make a selection.
</...>Closing tag required
These options can be displayed in two ways:

As a scrolling menu
As a list with a scroll bar

The <SERVER> element is used when the execution of a server-side script requires the Web server. When a script is inserted inside the tags of the server element, the script is first executed by the server and then the results are sent back to the Web browser.
</...>Closing tag required

<SETVAR></SETVAR>

The <SMALL> element indicates that the characters enclosed in the tags should be displayed in a smaller font than the currently active size.
</...>Closing tag required

The <SPACER> element inserts an empty space block whose size and shape are determined by the value of its attributes.
</...>Closing tag required

   As the <DIV> element, the <SPAN> element is used for adding structure to documents and to format text areas. However, the <SPAN> element does not allows the grouping of elements. It is used in inline mode and delimits an arbitrary segment of the text.

   It is often used to apply a style on the text area enclosed by these tags.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <STRIKE> element displays the enclosed text with an horizontal line over it (strikethrough). It is the equivalent of the <S> element.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <STRONG> element is similar to the <B> element. It displays the enclosed text in thick or bold font.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <STYLE> element placed in the document header ( ) is used to indicate the rules of one or more styles that are applied to text in the HTML document body. These are referred to as internal style sheets in the document.

   The <STYLE> element is also used to import style rules found in an external style sheet..

   Do not confuse the <STYLE> element with style attribute. This attribute can be used within the document body to define inline styles.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <SUB> element displays the enclosed text as subscript (slightly below the baseline).
</...>Closing tag required

   The <SUP> element displays enclosed text as superscript (slightly above the baseline).
</...>Closing tag required

T

   The <TABLE> element places a table in an HTML document. It contains many other elements necessary for defining a table: rows, columns, cells, etc.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <TBODY> is used to define the table when there are <THEAD> and/or <TFOOT> elements in the table definition. A table can have several TBODY elements.
</...>Closing tag optional

   The <TD> element specifies text in a table cell.
</...>Closing tag optional

   <TEMPLATE></TEMPLATE>

   The <TEXTAREA> element creates a multiline text area used to input information in a form.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <TFOOT> defines the foot of the table. It is made up of one or more rows at the bottom of the table This element is optional, but if present, it must contain information about the table columns.
</...>Closing tag optional

   <TIMER></TIMER>

   The <TITLE> element must be inserted once in the document header and serves to identify its content. It is suggested that the title be given a comprehensive name since it is displayed on the Web browser’s title bar and is used to inform the user of the page contents.
</...>Closing tag required

   The <TR> element inserts a new row in a table.
</...>Closing tag optional

   The <TT> element displays text as «Teletype» or a typewriter style which uses a fixed-width font.
</...>Closing tag required

U

The <U> element underlines the text it encloses.
</...>Closing tag required

The <UL> element displays a bulleted list and each new item is introduced by the <LI> element.
</...>Closing tag required
Example:

Code
<UL>
<LI>Item 1
<LI>Item 2
<LI>Item 3
</UL>

V

The <VAR> element displays text in a special font to indicate that it is a variable. By default, text is displayed in a fixed-width font.
</...>Closing tag required

W

The <WBR> element is useful to indicate where a line break can take place inside of text enclosed in the <NOBR> tags. It does not necessarily always result in a line break; rather it says that line breaks are allowed at this place.
</...>Closing tag optional

<WML></WML>